The Knights Hospitaller started with an infirmary in Jerusalem but soon formed an extensive network throughout medieval Europe, comparable to a modern NGO.
Read MoreHospitaller History (1): An International NGO in the Middle Ages
Both the Holy Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire claimed to be the true "Roman Empire". Which state best claimed Rome's legacy?
Read MoreThe Two-Emperors Problem (2): Byzantine Basileus vs. Holy “Roman” Emperor
How did the Roman Empire lose the West? Learn about upstart Goths, disloyal Lombard and insolent Franks - all working with and against a court in Constantinople that was waging war on many, many fronts.
Read MoreThe Two-Emperors Problem (1): Will The Real Roman Emperor Please Stand Up?
An example of the beauty of the Middle Ages, gothic architecture gave the era towering cathedrals, bronze bells and stained glass.
Read MoreGothic Architecture: The Pinnacle of Medieval Civilization?
The third estate was the economic engine of the Middle Ages: most of its members worked the land, but through guilds, some grew into a burgeoning 'burgher' class.
Read MoreThe Three Estates (3): The ‘Laboratores’ – Working hard, or hardly working?
Two large armies fought each other in a grand battle in 13th-century Flanders. The outcome had major consequences for France, England and the Holy Roman Empire.
Read MoreThe Battle of Bouvines & The End of the Angevin Empire
Thought COVID was bad? People living through 536 experienced the worst time ever to be alive: volcanic eruptions, sudden climate change, and the first plague.
Read MoreWorst Year Ever: 536 CE – “When The Sun Lost Its Wonted Light”
The 'bellatores', or "those who fight", were the second estate of medieval society. Through sheer military power, they imposed their will on the wider population.
Read MoreThe Three Estates (2): The ‘Bellatores’ – Might Makes Right
European medieval society knew three estates. The clergy, or the 'oratores', were the first. Its members focused on spiritual matters, but could be found advising worldly lords as well.
Read MoreThe Three Estates (1): The ‘Oratores’ – Faith, Law & Order
